The Young Offenders Act :: Free Essay Writer

The Young Offenders Act This paper was composed to show the points of interest and impediments of the Young Offenders Act over the past Juvenile Delinquents Act. Likewise it should give a hypothetical underezding of the current Canadian Juvenile-Justice framework, the demonstration and it's suggestions and the impacts of the youthful guilty parties needs and mental wellbeing on the result of the preliminaries. In light of a legitimate concern for society the youthful wrongdoers act was brought forward on april second 1984. This demonstration was made to guarantee the rights what's more, the necessities of a youngster. Alan W. Leshied says "On one hand the equity and lawful targets of the demonstration are as a rule adequately acknowledged while then again the requirements and treatment parts of it leave a lot to be desired." The exploration of the Young guilty parties act is as yet progressing however Leshied says that it is turning out to be certain that the guardianship positions have been in contest since the demonstration became effective. The old Juvenile misconduct act states in area 38 "The care and authority and control of an adolescent reprobate will surmised as about as perhaps that which ought to be given by his folks, and... as far as practability each adolescent reprobate will be dealt with, not as a lawbreaker, yet as a misinformed and misled kid . . . requiring help, consolation, help and assiezce."(Page 72) In the event that a young is near the grown-up age of 18 years they could be transfered to the grown-up equity framework. This implies they would be given indistinguishable sentences from a grown-up including and up to life in jail. Numerous individuals have attempted to address this issue they see as a shortcoming. However, so far their endeavors have fizzled. Another shortcoming they find, is that the courts are costly and unsuitable strategies for managing wrongdoing that isn't intense. Before the manufacture of lawful guide most youthful wrongdoers were not ready to acquire legitimate administrations. "Subsection 11 (4) gives that, were a youngster wishes to acquire counsel yet can't do as such, the adolescent court judge will allude the youngster to the common legitimate guide, or assiezce program. On the off chance that no such program is accessible or the youngster can't get counsel through an accessible program, the adolescent court judge may, and on the solicitation of the youthful individual will guide the youngster to be spoken to by counsel.

Solectron From Contract Manufacturer to Global Supply Chain Integrator Essay Example

Solectron: From Contract Manufacturer to Global Supply Chain Integrator Paper In 1977, Solectron was established in the wake of the sunlight based vitality blast, and basically centered around making sun based vitality items. They before long started amassing printed circuit sheets for other electronic firms. Solectron was found near Silicon Valley and its electronic industry, so various customers were promptly accessible for its assembling administrations. In the mid 1980s, Solectron turned their endeavors towards contract fabricating, which transformed the activity shop business into a significant industry. Solectron started to buy the assembling offices of its clients, which empowered them to sign long haul flexibly contracts with them just as expanding gracefully to different clients. Before the finish of the 90s, Solectron had three key specialty units-Technology Solutions, Global Manufacturing, and Global Services. Solectron concentrated their business on prevalent client care and regard for the person. It was through steady appraisal and persistent improvement that Solectron had the option to gain the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award two continuous occasions, which was another record. Solectron kept on driving advancement in mechanical turns of events, which kept on expanding their preferred position over their rivals. In 2000, a conditioning economy prompted falling interest for Solectron administrations, and at a certain point, Solectron’s stock rose to an overabundance of $1 billion. In the wake of rebuilding for the more slow economy, Solectron was hopeful about its future in creating markets. Questions: What worth did Solectron give to its clients, and how could it advance after some time? Worth Solectron gave to its clients: We will compose a custom exposition test on Solectron: From Contract Manufacturer to Global Supply Chain Integrator explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Solectron: From Contract Manufacturer to Global Supply Chain Integrator explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Solectron: From Contract Manufacturer to Global Supply Chain Integrator explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Cost †President Dr. Winston Chen demanded that least expense must be accomplished with highest caliber. This component tested the act of their rivals. Quality †Solectron’s high spotlight on great hardware producing administrations was reflected in their getting the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award twice. The administration at Solectron utilized the award’s assessment application process as a benchmark for persistent improvement. The entirety of the proposals were utilized in numerous parts of the company’s tasks for development. Adaptability †Solectron offered a wide scope of items in various zones to its clients, including Networking, Telecommunications, and Computers. The key acquisitions in the mid 1990’s permitted the organization to have a wide assortment of assembling offices and grow the administrations advertised. Administration †The organization utilized the fundamental standards of unrivaled client assistance and regard for the person to run the organization. These standards were obvious in their communication with its clients. For instance, they depended intensely on the customer’s information and criticism for constant improvement and utilized different proportions of consumer loyalty to progress in the direction of turning out to be best assembling organization on the planet. Worth developed after some time: Cost †Solectron utilized their system of turning into the head wellspring of redistributing for organizations as a key preferred position. Their volume expanded significantly because of their developing number of clients and business. This permitted them to offer marked down costs because of the more noteworthy volume buying and economies of scale creation. Quality †As creation quality can be restricted to certain physical highlights and client details, Solectron has moved towards a more assistance quality arranged accomplice while keeping up item predominance. In spite of the fact that the emphasis on item quality is basic to keeping up relations with clients, administration quality is a huge wellspring of separation in an industry that as of now anticipates extraordinary creation capacities. Adaptability †With expanding creation requests from clients alongside a broad scope of attractive markets, adaptability must be a key thought while contending in the EMS business. Advancing nearby economic situations, Solectron has gained numerous offices so as to suit both purchaser and locational requests of their clients. By turning out to be fundamentally a worldwide flexibly chain integrator, Solectron can use every creation office to an ideal level, source from areas where most worth is caught, just as profit by advertise lead-times from closeness to target markets. Administration †Building upon an extraordinary establishment of client assistance, Solectron has created to envelop a basic exhibit of administrations to offer their clients. This cornucopia of administrations was separated into three unmistakable specialty units, with one providing each. As expressed by Diana Farrell in Beyond Offshoring, the IT/business process redistributing in a worldwide point of view has just a 1% yearly estimation of worldwide exchange to yearly estimation of industry deals proportion, showing huge potential for development and capitalization of future incomes. By offering these administrations particularly in the EMS business that is for the most part creation focused, Solectron can separate themselves from its opposition by offering superb help ability. Considering this administration factor combined with incredible item quality, Solectron is difficult to beat in this industry. The innovation arrangements unit gave measured and installed frameworks structure and assembling frameworks that clients could use to improve their operational productivity. The worldwide assembling unit permitted Solectron to deal with the requests of item assembling of their clients. Despite the fact that agreement fabricating was their principle wellspring of income, they additionally offered new item presentation administrations and pre-producing abilities to additionally offer their skill on creation efficiencies and fantastic sourcing. The worldwide administrations unit was basically Solectron’s formal client care specialty unit. This unit offered item fix, updates, and support benefits through both creation offices and administration focuses. Notwithstanding the item situated administrations, this unit additionally offered administration concerning warehousing, coordinations, returns the executives, building change the board, and end-of-life the board. The worldwide materials administrations enhanced every one of the three specialty units with operational proficiencies, for example, cooperations with providers, acquirement, improving inventories, getting ready market conjectures, and giving overall coordinations support. How has the organization had the option to effectively incorporate its acquisitions? The organization effectively coordinated its acquisitions by concentrating on two significant angles, workers and culture. The accomplishment of Solectron was needy upon Solectron’s capacity to use the new employees’ insight and experience. There was an incorporation group with individuals speaking to the useful zones to design a business joining process before the acquisitions were even concluded. A much increasingly nitty gritty arrangement was made upon conclusion, which helped the preparation of new workers to go about as a Solectron asset. Break down the vital factors behind Solectron’s move from an agreement producing provider to a flexibly chain integrator. How did globalization help Solectron in this undertaking? Vital factors behind Solectron’s move: New Business Model †OEMs chose to think their endeavors and assets to their center abilities of item definition, designing, and showcasing with the end goal for Solectron to concentrate on their center capabilities of acquirement and creation. By realigning the focal point of their customer’s essential exercises, Solectron had the option to progress towards their situation as a drawn out accomplice instead of an agreement maker. From a key point of view, this position of the worldwide commercial center influences Solectron with a reasonable upper hand; in any case, it requires broad worldwide usage of assets and connections to have the option to gracefully the customer’s requests. Solidification and Relocation †The EMS business had united a large portion of the top level firms to make less, yet bigger controlling firms. With this combination, Solectron’s new worldwide system was created to be deliberately near clients in developing markets which permitted them to present new items in the territories with the end client with incredible item to-advertise lead-times. This permits Solectron to satisfy its job as the worldwide gracefully chain integrator for clients with much adaptability and responsive capacities. o Information Systems †Solectron utilized innovation furthering its potential benefit by improving its activity and permitting the client to advance their gracefully chain in various manners. This permitted different gatherings to approach similar information and data and at last diminish the bull whip impact, which vacillates request gauges fundamentally. Worldwide Supply Chain Integration Services †As a player in the EMS business, Solectron needed to move their concentration to being a vital alternative, as opposed to a strategic choice from their customers’ point of view. To enhance their great assistance from an absolutely fabricating view, another purpose of separation that Solectron used was their position and culture in client care. They expect just the highest caliber out of their pr

Whats coming in 2013 The Essay Experts New Years Ressaylutions

Whats coming in 2013 The Essay Experts New Years Ressaylutions The Essay Expert’s New Year’s Ressaylutions for 2013 Making New Year’s resolutions can be a great way to get things done. As you may have read in my August blog, New Year’s Resolutions in August , I completed my 2012 list of 6 resolutions even faster than expected: The Essay Expert’s website was updated (I still have an overhaul on my wish list). Processes for keeping in touch with clients have been streamlined with autoresponders and e-lists. We conducted our promised survey regarding The Essay Expert’s USP (Unique Selling Proposition). How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile was published on Kindle and is now coming up on its 5th edition. I haven’t missed a week in sending out either a blog article or a newsletter. Phew!! The one area where I didn’t completely meet my goal was in producing 212 success stories. We did have 114 successes reported though! Here’s what I’m creating for 2013: 1. Publish a Spanish-language version of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile. I have a meeting with some translators from a translators’ cooperative here in Madison next week and am excited to get this project on the road! 2. Publish a 50 Resume Tips book The book is currently under construction. There will be one version for job seekers and one version for resume writers. 3. Obtain a Master Resume Writer certification (CMRW) from Career Directors International. There are only 19 CMRWs in the US and a total of 27 worldwide. 4. Increase the college essay / personal statement portion of my business to 25% of total business. I love working with college and graduate school applicants on their admissions essays, and the name of my company is, after all, The Essay Expert. You can help by sending people you know in our direction! 5. Start a training for resume writers. I see this training as a way to up my game and also to train writers who can be on The Essay Expert’s team! 6. Create 213 success stories! If you have a story you haven’t yet shared please do! As The Essay Expert grows, so will the number of people who get interviews, job offers and offers of admission using resumes and essays crafted with the support of our writers. I look forward to sharing my successes and challenges with you over the next year. What are you creating for 2013?

Accreditation Different Types Of Definitions Of...

If you look into the definition of accreditation there are different types of definitions of accreditation. One can find regarding educational institutes like universities, colleges, student s volunteering and other organisations working for education and youth. Generally accreditation is the act of accreditation or state of being accredit, especially the granting of approval to an institution of learning by an official review board after the school or body has met specific requirement. The term of accreditation usually is used in educational organisations. (www.yourdictionary.com) Here are some different definitions of accreditation provided by different organisations and websites. * Accreditation is a third party attestation related†¦show more content†¦It is important to a person or institution in education that they need to proof that they meet a general standard of quality. If someone gets teaching certificate he has a teaching accreditation. This is an act of granting credit that maintains suitable standards. (vocabolary.com) * Accreditation is to give official recognition, to clarify or guarantee as meeting required standards with certain tasks. This is also 1) to say something is good to be given official approval, 2) credit to provide with credential, 3) to recognise or vouch as confirming with a standard, and 4) to recognise a maintaining standard that quality the person for professional practice. * This is an evaluation by educational peers to verify that the school or an individual is accomplishing its stated mission and purposes. (GACS) and is a process of validation which colleges, universities and institutions of higher learning are evaluated. * The concept of accreditation in health, this is process of review that health care organizations participate in to demonstrate that the ability to meet predetermined criteria and standard of accreditation by a professional accrediting agency. ACCREDITATION IN YOUTH The use and process of accreditation in youth is to recognise of young people s learning and development via verified certification, following successful completion of recognise awards and qualifications. This is a formal recognition of the achievements of an individual, linked up to some

What Is Web Security - 930 Words

What is Web Security? (10 sentences) Websites, which connect the information across the globe through a complex network are unfortunately susceptible to security risks. Hence, the webservers connected to its network are unsafe too. Webservers can be considered as service windows which open your network to the entire world. So, the entire scenario depends on design of that window. Engineering it to filter the amount and type of information you need to pass through it is the main point on which web security depends. Email service is the best example for such a window. As email and web technologies congregate, a great rise in number of security threats in terms of creativity and effectiveness is observed. Hence, to eradicate this nightmare,†¦show more content†¦Additionally, some malware creates a denial of service by design, increasing the possibility of an attack on the organization’s infrastructure. While most organizations understand denial of service very well since it impacts productivity but many ign ore the impact on confidentiality and integrity. Attackers access the organization’s data they can use this to sell to third parties and make a profit. What are the security risk of a static website? (10 sentences) A static webpage is delivered to the user exactly as stored and displays the same set of information for all users, from all context and subjected to modern capabilities of a web server. Hence, it can be sometimes inevitable to make such webpages risk free. As they are quick cheap to develop, there are many loopholes in it. Moreover, to update them, expert advice is needed. Here are some of the risks take place in static website: Phishing: The term refers to attacks where the victim is led to believe that he or she is on a legitimate website, when in fact it is just a copy of the real one. Web browser exploits: Cybercriminals have also set up websites that exploit security holes in the web browser as this technique allows them to gain access without the victim’s knowledge. Third party add-ons: The majority of

Road Rage Free Essays

A coin is tossed four times. The probability is ? or 0. 25 that all four tosses will result in a head face up. We will write a custom essay sample on Road Rage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Answer Correct Answer: False A firm offers routine physical examinations as part of a health service program for its employees. The exams showed that 8% of the employees needed corrective shoes, 15% needed major dental work and 3% needed both corrective shoes and major dental work. What is the probability that an employee selected at random will need either corrective shoes or major dental work? Correct Answer: 0. 20 A group of employees of Unique Services will be surveyed about a new pension plan. In-depth interviews with each employee selected in the sample will be conducted. The employees are classified as follows. What is the probability that the first person selected is classified as a maintenance employee? Correct Answer: 0. 025 A probability is a number from -1 to +1. Correct Answer: False When are two events mutually exclusive? Correct Answer: If one event occurs, then the other cannot There are 10 rolls of film in a box and 3 are defective. Two rolls are selected without replacement. What is the probability of selecting a defective roll followed by another defective roll? Correct Answer: 1/15 or about 0. 07 Three defective electric toothbrushes were accidentally shipped to a drugstore by the manufacturer along with 17 non-defective ones. What is the probability that the first two electric toothbrushes sold will be returned to the drugstore because they are defective? Correct Answer: 3/190 or 0. 01579 The first card selected from a standard 52-card deck was a king. If it is NOT returned to the deck, what is the probability that a king will be drawn on the second selection? Correct Answer: 3/51 or 0. 0588 The first card selected from a standard 52-card deck was a king. If it is returned to the deck, what is the probability that a king will be drawn on the second selection? Correct Answer: 1/13 or 0. 077 If there are ‘m’ ways of doing one thing and ‘n’ ways of doing another thing, the multiplication formula states that there are (m) †¢ (n) ways of doing both. Correct Answer: True A study by the National Park Service revealed that 50% of the vacationers going to the Rocky Mountain region visit Yellowstone Park, 40% visit the Grand Tetons and 35% visit both. What is the probability that a vacationer will visit at least one of these magnificent attractions? Correct Answer: 0 The closer a probability is to 0, the more likely the event will happen. Correct Answer: False The classical approach to probability requires that the outcomes of an experiment are not equally likely. Correct Answer: False The numbers 0 through 9 are used in code groups of four to identify an item of clothing. Code 1083 might identify a blue blouse, size medium. The code group 2031 might identify a pair of pants, size 18, and so on. Repetitions of numbers are not permitted, i. e. , the same number cannot be used more than once in a total sequence. As examples, 2256, 2562 or 5559 would not be permitted. How many different code groups can be designed? Correct Answer: 5,040 A discrete random variable can have only certain clearly separated values. Correct Answer: True A listing of all possible outcomes of an experiment and their corresponding probability of occurrence is called a _____________. Correct Answer: Probability distribution A statistics professor receives an average of five e-mail messages per day from students. Assume the number of messages approximates a Poisson distribution. What is the probability that on a randomly selected day she will have five messages? Correct Answer: 0. 175 David’s gasoline station offers 4 cents off per gallon if the customer pays in cash and does not use a credit card. Past evidence indicates that 40% of all customers pay in cash. During a one-hour period twenty-five customers buy gasoline at this station. What is the probability that more than ten and less than fifteen customers pay in cash? Correct Answer: 0. 380 David’s gasoline station offers 4 cents off per gallon if the customer pays in cash and does not use a credit card. Past evidence indicates that 40% of all customers pay in cash. During a one-hour period twenty-five customers buy gasoline at this station. What is the probability that at least ten pay in cash? Correct Answer: 0. 575 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a binomial probability distribution? Correct Answer: Each outcome results from two trials The weight of an offensive linesman may be 205. 15 pounds, 210. 23 pounds, 225. 05 pounds or 219. 14 pounds. What is this an illustration of? Correct Answer: Continuous random variable The variance of a binomial distribution is found by ? ? (1 – ? ). Correct Answer: True The mean of a binomial distribution is the product of n and ?. Correct Answer: True A true-false test consists of six questions. If you guess the answer to each question, what is the probability of getting all six questions correct? Correct Answer: 0. 016 How to cite Road Rage, Papers

Monetary Policy Reflects Process

Question: Discuss about the Monetary Policy Reflects Process. Answer: Introduction: Monetary policy reflects the process through which monetary authority of a specific economy handle supply of money. For that reason, it often target an interest rate and inflation rate to maintain stability at the price level so that people trust in the currency remains at the desired level. Many studies have highlighted monetary policy generally contribute to economic satiability and growth (Schularick and Taylor 2012). It helps economy to lower the unemployment rate and also help to maintain specific standard of exchange rate with other currencies. In this essay, the focus will be on the process by which monetary policy has been utilized in the Australian market. Historically, monetary policy has been considered as a powerful tool that has the capacity of heightening the floating exchange rate. For that reason, Australias monetary policy involves the effective management of the short-term interest rate for the fulfillment of the domestic objective. Thus, monetary policy along with fiscal policy simply represent myriad of tools utilized to minimize long period of inflation, low wages and high unemployment in the economy. For that reason, Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) has focused on developing specific monetary policies that can have major positive impact on the economic development perspective of the country. The policies initiated by RBA include interest rate setting on any particular overnight loans in the money market (rba.gov.au 2017). It creates impact on other interest rate that eventually affects the behavioral pattern of the lenders and borrowers in the financial market. The essay will try to highlight the kind of impact monetary policy has created in the Australian market over the past 2 to 3 years. The essay will also try to highlight the role of Australian government in the effective utilization of the monetary policy. It will also try to analyze whether monetary policy has able to fulfill all the prime objectives effectively or not. Objectives of monetary policy: As highlighted by Rey (2015) economies try to utilize monetary policy for fulfilling some specific objectives. Otherwise, the entire currency network in the economy might get affected in a major way. In Australia, Reserve Bank Act 1959 help to establish objectives of the monetary policy in a major way. The prime objective of initiating monetary policy is to maintain the currency stability in the Australian economy. It will ensure that all the economic activities can be fulfilled in an appropriate manner. Secondly, monetary policy in Australia also focuses on the effective utilization of the labor market. In fact, it focuses on maintaining zero unemployment policies so that people do not have to struggle to lead their life happily. Moreover, the monetary policy also focuses on enhancing the rate of overall economic welfare and prosperity within the Australian economy. Due to the influence of these objectives, monetary policy has achieved continues consumer price inflation of around 2 to 3 percent per annum (econotimes.com 2017). It has been assessed that monetary authority in Australia has deliberately tried to achieve this inflation rate to ensure Australian market can able to achieve sustainable growth. Thus, it articulated the fact that monetary policy in Australian economy is very much concerned about controlling the rate of inflation to maintain the value of money at the desired level. Hence, Australian monetary policy is very much focused towards the long-term growth of the economy. The monetary policy framework: As highlighted by Calza, Monacelli and Stracca (2013) monetary policy need to focus on controlling the rate of inflation in such a way so that value of currency could not able to deteriorate in a major way. Now, government of Australia, Treasurer and RBA has accepted the target of achieving inflation rate of around 2 to 3 percent per year. However, in order to achieve this low rate of inflation require effective decision-making system, which will anchor expected private inflation in an appropriate way. The above figure highlighted the fact that inflation rate in Australia has came down over the past few years. It also emphasizes on the inevitable uncertainties that are associated with the forecasting technique in the money market. For that reason, Baxa, Horvth and Va?ek (2013) have mentioned that inflation is extremely complex factor to fine tune with a short band. It also articulated the fact that monetary policy is actually dampening the fluctuations in amount of output produced within the course of the business cycle. It has influenced Australian government to focus on taking serious decisions based on the monetary perspective. Implementation strategy of monetary policy in the Australian market: As opined by Neely (2015) monetary policy in the developed countries like Australia focuses on the effective utilization of short term interest rate so that it can be controlled closely by RBA. The relevant rate of interest for Australia is termed as cash rate that reflects the market interest on the different types of overnight funds. For that reason, RBA tries to utilize close control over the cash rate through the money market operations and its applicability as the policy instrument. In fact, RBA has tried to justify its approach through the utilization of public statements. However, Corden (2012) have argued that focusing on short-term instrument might not provide required amount of support for the initiated policies. It has been assessed that cash rate has massive impact on the interest rate. As a result, it helps to set the short-term interest rate in the wider economy in an appropriate way. It can be applicable for financial intermediaries, key rate of banks and money market rates. For instance, business loans and mortgage rate tend move proportionality with any movement in the cash rate. As a result, it allows monetary policy for Australian market huge amount of power to create impact on the aggregate economy. In the pre-deregulation time, monetary policy utilized through a mixture of direct controls over the financial institutions and financial market operations. This includes the controls over the reserve equipments, bank interest rates and different types of other balance sheet restrictions. However, policy management style has gradually become ineffective in the Australian market, as several private and government functions have able to develop ways for avoiding regulations. As a result, it has created direct impact on the unregulated parts of the financial market. As per the article by Hofmann and Bogdanova (2012) monetary policy is easier and transparent to describe, as it is directly associated with the short-term interest rate. Domestic market department of the banks has the responsibility of maintaining condition of the money market so that it can ensure the cash rate remains near to the operating market. Now, cash rate reflects the rate charged for the overnight loans among the f inancial intermediaries. For that reason, monetary policy initiated in the Australian market has powerful influence on the other interest rate. The above figure shows the close relationship between other money market interest rates and cash rates. Now, RBA has focused on domestic market operations namely open market operations to maintain the cash rate near to the decided target. For that reason, RBA has focused on handling the supply of the available funds to the financial institutions in the money market. Lowe (2012) has highlighted the fact that demand and supply of overnight funds determine the cash rate in the money market. For that reason, it is crucial for all the financial institutions to maintain control over the supply of funds, which also help to settle transactions among themselves. In fact, it has been termed as exchange settlement funds. Now, it is necessary for RBA to utilize exchange settlement funds in such a way so that it can able to provide maximum impact over the monetary policies. For instance, if RBA provide more exchange settlement funds than commercial financial institutions wish to hold, it will def initely try to shed funds through the lending more in the money market. It has induced cash rate in the Australian market to fall significantly. On the other hand, if RBA provide lesser amount than financial institutions wish to hold, it will have to focus on borrowing more from the cash market. As a result, it will increase the present cash rate of the Australian economy. Impact of monetary policy in Australian economy: As highlighted by Benes et al. (2015) it is necessary for every economy to focus on continues evaluation process regarding the kind of impact monetary policy can have on the overall prosperity. However, it has to be kept in mind that monetary policy is very away from being completely mechanical in their operation. In fact, monetary policy makers will have to deal with the market related uncertainties at the time of developing economic forecasts. For that reason, monetary policy makers try to utilize best available information to ensure that the developed strategy can actually able to create desired impact on the Australian economy. As highlighted by Bordo and Landon-Lane (2013) short-term interest rate can have major impact on the aggregate demand and associated activities. From the above figure, it can be assessed that substantial changes in the rate of interest help to contain inflationary boom. It has created adverse impact on the overall demand in the Australian economy. With respond to the inflationary pressure and cyclical development, monetary policy has created major impact on the economic activity and powerful demand. For instance, higher rate of interest enhances the cost associated with the borrowing for financial expenditure. For that reason, monetary policy focuses increasing the incentive rate to delay or save the spending. Moreover, it also focuses on net reduction for returns to investments. For instance, in case of purchasing a house by a particular household can be delayed or stopped through the increasing mortgage rate. As people have to spend more for purchasing house, they will not try to buy house at that point of time, which will increase the cash on hand for the Australian people. It highlights the fact that, majority of the hous eholds has relatively smaller budget for purchasing house. Therefore, increase in the interest payment will reduce the capacity of the people. This can be explained through the following figure: The above figure highlighted the fact that higher mortgage rate is associated with the reduced amount of investment in the Australian market. The figure also has highlighted the fact that, mortgage rate at the time of early 90s is extremely high in Australia. For that reason, it has seen very limited process in the housing and construction sector at that point of time. However, with time Australian monetary policy makers has focused on the significance of housing activity on the overall financial performances. For that reason, they have consciously tried to reduce the mortgage rate consistently. During the period of 2013 to 2016, mortgage rate in Australia is extremely low, which has helped the entire construction sector to grow in an immense manner. As a result, huge number of recruitment has been done in the Australian construction sector for the past five years that is likely to grow in future as well. On the other hand Kashyap and Stein (2012) have highlighted the process through which monetary policy affects the cash flow channel of the economy. It has been assessed that majority of the households has focused on taking advantage of financial arrangements to borrow from the economy in an effective manner. For that reason, household sector of Australia considered as net borrowers. As a result, they are net payers of interest as well. In Australia, households with debt will feel that their interest payment is much higher in comparison with their own income that can be indicated by the net payments of data. Prime reason for this is net amount hides much larger amount for payments and interest receipts of several population groups. In fact, it has induced younger generation of Australia to borrow large amount at the early stage to finance several aspects, which will gradually become net asset in their later life. It highlights the fact that changes in the interest amount can have majo r impact on the cash flows on different population groups. Conversely, impact of change in interest rate is completely different for debtors and creditors. An increase in the interest rate minimizes the cash flow for debtors while it increases for creditors. Moreover, debtors are regarded as more sensitive with any changes in the cash flow, as they have limited financial assets to maintain their spending pattern (Somasundaram 2017). Thus, increase in the interest rate reduces the spending pattern of the household. Now, monetary policy in Australian market tends to maintain interest rate consistent, so that peoples spending pattern remains unaffected as much as possible. Bjrnland and Halvorsen (2014) have highlighted the fact that monetary policy can also have major impact on the money and credit perspective of the economy. It has been assessed that tightening the strength of monetary policy create more complex situation for borrowers to take loans. As a result, it has direct impact on the spending pattern of the borrowers. Now, Australian financial system is heavily regulated, which has increased the significance of quantity mechanism in the operation of monetary policy. Therefore, monetary policy affected the Australian economy through the execution of loans. A strict monetary policy will reduce lending pattern of the banks. From the above figure, it can be assessed that credit growth is positively correlated with the GDP growth of the economy. The figure has also highlighted the fact that nominal GDP in Australian market has seen a steady growth during the period from 1990 to 2006. However, nominal GDP has dropped significantly in the Australian market that has also affected the credit growth rate of the economy. During the period of deregulation, financial institutions have increased their lending to such an extent that contributed to the economic boom in the Australian market. It has also increases the price level of the existing asset. However, the impact has taken a reverse turn when economic cycle broke down. Thus, it establishes the fact that money and credit does play a critical role in the effectiveness of the implemented monetary policy. Moreover, it also has highlighted the fact that money supply has remained consistent over the past few years, as money supply remain at the optimum level. Howe ver, many studies have mentioned that money supply cannot be controlled entirely. Therefore, it needs to change on the basis of selected objective. Now, as mentioned earlier, Australian economy is focusing on maintaining the inflation rate very low. Therefore, it has become necessary for the monetary policy makers to contain the amount of money supplied in the market. As per the article by Gal and Gambetti (2015), monetary policy can also have major impact on the exchange rate of the economy. Now, exchange rate fluctuations can affect the entire economy by changing the relative prices of foreign and domestically produced goods and services. Therefore, fluctuation in the exchange rate creates direct impact on the domestic spending proportions. Now, exchange rate in Australian economy has been fluctuating for the past few years, which also has major impact on the behavioral pattern of the economy. For instance, it has affected the overall economic activity of the country, as it focusing on importing products that are more expensive. On the other hand, it is looking export relatively cheaper products, which will increase depreciation associated with the exchange rate. As a result, it has created an expansionary impact on the Australian economy at an aggregate level. As highlighted by Coats and Khatkhate (2014) exchange rate is another significant cha nnel by which monetary policys impact transmitted to the entire economy. It has been assessed that an increase in domestic interest rate, which has increased the importance of equity flow in the Australian market. Koukoulas (2017) have mentioned the fact that monetary policy indirectly affects the inflation rate of the economy. It has been assessed that demand above the productive capacity of an economy creates inflation in the market. It allows employees or labor to charge higher prices that has direct impact on the cost required for fulfilling all the activities of the operational process. As a result, it has influenced policy makers to focus on the effective utilization of monetary policy so that inflation rate remains under control. For that reason, inflationary pressures have been developed by a surge in growth as the speed of recovery from recession increases at the time of 2007 to 2008. However, it has not increased the inflation in the Australian market for that particular timeframe. Thus, it highlights the fact that Australian monetary policy has been conducted in a forward-looking fashion. The policy makers have raised the interest rate in the middle of 90s to mitigate the affect of inflationary pressures. On the other hand, they have minimized the interest rate when the pressures related to inflation have eased. Conclusion: The above discussion has highlighted the fact that monetary policy can have major impact on the overall economical condition of a particular economy. It can actually help economies to maintain the inflation rate at the desired level. In fact, if other factors remain constant, monetary policy can actually help to dictate inflation pattern of the economy. For instance, the study has highlighted the fact that Australian authority has consciously focused on controlling the amount of money supplied to economy so that it cannot able to create unexpected inflationary impact on the market. Moreover, the essay has also highlighted the fact that effective utilization of monetary policy can also have major impact on the aggregate demand of the economy. It also can influence the import export behavior of a particular economy, which can have major impact on the exchange rate as well. References: Anzuini, A., Lombardi, M.J. and Pagano, P., 2012. The impact of monetary policy shocks on commodity prices. Bauer, M.D. and Neely, C.J., 2014. International channels of the Fed's unconventional monetary policy.Journal of International Money and Finance,44, pp.24-46. Baxa, J., Horvth, R. and Va?ek, B., 2013. Time-varying monetary-policy rules and financial stress: Does financial instability matter for monetary policy?.Journal of Financial Stability,9(1), pp.117-138. Bech, M.L., Gambacorta, L. and Kharroubi, E., 2014. Monetary policy in a downturn: are financial crises special?.International Finance,17(1), pp.99-119. Benes, J., Berg, A., Portillo, R.A. and Vavra, D., 2015. Modeling sterilized interventions and balance sheet effects of monetary policy in a New-Keynesian framework.Open Economies Review,26(1), pp.81-108. Bjrnland, H.C. and Halvorsen, J.I., 2014. How does monetary policy respond to exchange rate movements? New international evidence.Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics,76(2), pp.208-232. Bordo, M.D. and Landon-Lane, J., 2013.Does expansionary monetary policy cause asset price booms; some historical and empirical evidence(No. w19585). National Bureau of Economic Research. Calza, A., Monacelli, T. and Stracca, L., 2013. Housing finance and monetary policy.Journal of the European Economic Association,11(s1), pp.101-122. Coats, W.L. and Khatkhate, D.R. eds., 2014.Money and monetary policy in less developed countries: a survey of issues and evidence. Elsevier. Corden, W.M., 2012. Dutch disease in Australia: policy options for a three?speed economy.Australian Economic Review,45(3), pp.290-304. econotimes.com, 2017. Reserve Bank of Australia likely to keep monetary policy stance intact in 2017 - EconoTimes. [online] EconoTimes. Available at: https://www.econotimes.com/Reserve-Bank-of-Australia-likely-to-keep-monetary-policy-stance-intact-in-2017-496123 [Accessed 23 Jan. 2017]. Eickmeier, S. and Hofmann, B., 2013. Monetary policy, housing booms, and financial (im) balances.Macroeconomic dynamics,17(04), pp.830-860. Gal, J. and Gambetti, L., 2015. The effects of monetary policy on stock market bubbles: Some evidence.American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics,7(1), pp.233-257. Hofmann, B. and Bogdanova, B., 2012. Taylor Rules and Monetary Policy: A Global'Great Deviation'?. Kashyap, A.K. and Stein, J.C., 2012. The Optimal Conduct of Monetary Policy with Interest on Reserv.American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics,4(1), pp.266-282. Koukoulas, S., 2017. Australia's economic malaise comes down to dreadful decisions | Stephen Koukoulas. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jan/23/australia-economy-reserve-bank-interest-rates-inflation-unemployment [Accessed 23 Jan. 2017]. Lowe, P., 2012. The changing structure of the Australian economy and monetary policy.The Recent Economic Performance of the States 1 Trends in National Saving and Investment 9 The Distribution of Household Wealth in Australia: Evidence from the 2010 HILDA Survey 19 Indias Steel Industry 29, p.79. Neely, C.J., 2015. Unconventional monetary policy had large international effects.Journal of Banking Finance,52, pp.101-111. rba.gov.au, 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/monetary-policy/about.html [Accessed 23 Jan. 2017]. Rey, H., 2015.Dilemma not trilemma: the global financial cycle and monetary policy independence(No. w21162). National Bureau of Economic Research. Schularick, M. and Taylor, A.M., 2012. Credit booms gone bust: monetary policy, leverage cycles, and financial crises, 18702008.The American Economic Review,102(2), pp.1029-1061. Somasundaram, N., 2017. MORGAN STANLEY: Australian bank shares may not mirror the global rally and look set to fall. [online] Business Insider Australia. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/morgan-stanley-australian-bank-shares-may-not-mirror-the-global-rally-and-look-set-to-fall-2017-1 [Accessed 23 Jan. 2017]. Taylor, J.B., 2013. International monetary policy coordination: past, present and future. White, W.R., 2012. Ultra easy monetary policy and the law of unintended consequences.real-world economics review, pp.19-56.

A Reading List of 19th Century Novels

A Reading List of 19th Century Novels The novels of the 19th century remain some of the most taught literary works of any period. They not only continue to influence the canon but also cinema and popular culture. Get better acquainted with these groundbreaking works with this reading list, categorized by author. The most popular authors from the eraJane Austen, Charles Dickens and Nathaniel Hawthorneappear on this list in alphabetical order. Alcott, Louisa May Little Women Austen, Jane EmmaMansfield ParkPersuasionPride and Prejudice Blackmore, Richard Doddridge Lorna Doone Braddon, Mary Elizabeth Lady Audley’s Secret Bronte, Charlotte Jane EyreVillette Bronte, Emily Wuthering Heights Burnett, Frances Hodgson The Secret Garden Butler, Samuel Erewhon Carlyle, Thomas Sartor Resartus Carroll, Lewis Alice in WonderlandThrough the Looking Glass Collins, Wilkie ArmadaleNo NameThe MoonstoneThe Woman in White Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan Rodney StoneA Study in Scarlet Conrad, Joseph Heart of DarknessLord Jim Cooper, James Fenimore The Last of the MohicansThe Prairie Crane, Stephen Red Badge of Courage Dickens, Charles Bleak HouseDavid CopperfieldDombey Son DGreat ExpectationsHard TimesLittle DorrittMystery Of Edwin DroodNicholas NicklebyThe Old Curiosity ShopOliver TwistPickwick PapersTale of Two Cities Disraeli, Benjamin Sybil, or The Two Nations Dostoevski, Fedor Brothers KaramazovCrime and PunishmentThe Idiot Dreiser, Theodore Sister Carrie Dumas, Alexandre The Count of Monte CristoThree Musketeers Eliot, George Adam BedeDaniel DerondaMiddlemarchMill on the FlossSilas Marner Flaubert, Gustave Madame BovaryA Sentimental Education Gaskell, Elizabeth CranfordWives and Daughters Gissing, George New Grub Street Goethe, Johann Wolfgang Von Elective Affinities Gogol, Nikolai Dead Souls Hardy, Thomas Far from the Madding CrowdJude the ObscureThe Mayor of CasterbridgeThe Return of the NativeTess of the d’UrbervillesThe WoodlandersUnder the Greenwood Tree Hawthorne, Nathaniel Blithedale RomanceScarlet Letter Hugo, Victor Les MiserablesThe Hunchback of Notre-Dame de Paris James, Henry The AmericanThe BostoniansDaisy MillerThe EuropeansPortrait of a LadyWashington Square Le Fanu, Sheridan Uncle Silas MacDonald, George LilithPhantastes Melville, Herman Moby DickRedburnTypee Meredith, George Diana of the CrosswaysThe Egoist Norris, Frank McTeague Oliphant, Margaret The Perpetual CurateSalem Chapel Scott, Sir Walter The AntiquaryThe Heart of Mid-LothianIvanhoe Sewall, Anna Black Beauty Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft Frankenstein Stevenson, Robert L Catriona (aka David Balfour)KidnappedThe Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr HydeTreasure Island Stoker, Bram Dracula Stowe, Harriet Beecher Uncle Tom’s Cabin Thackeray, William M Barry LyndonThe History of Henry EsmondThe NewcomesVanity Fair Tolstoy, Leo Anna KareninaResurrectionThe Forged CouponWar and Peace Trollope, Anthony Ayalas AngelFramley ParsonageBarchester TowersJohn CaldigateThe Last Chronicle of BarsetMarion FayPhineas FinnThe Prime MinisterThe WardenThe Way We Live Now Turgenev, Ivan Fathers and Children Twain, Mark The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnAdventures of Tom SawyerPersonal Recollections of Joan of Arc Verne, Jules Around the World in 80 DaysJourney to the Center of the Earth20,000 Leagues Under the Sea Wells, HG Invisible ManIsland of Dr MoreauThe Time MachineWar of the Worlds Wilde, Oscar Picture of Dorian Gray Zola, Emile L’AssommoirTherese Raquin

Write Daily or Not

Write Daily or Not Stephen King (On Writing) and Julia Cameron (The Artists Way) believe strongly in writing daily. A few others, however, argue that writing daily isnt necessary. So whats a new or struggling writer to decide is the best for them? My take on writing daily is this: DO IT EVERY DAY. Until you find a voice, until you know your direction, until you are a hard-core writer and not a hob Unfortunately when you stop writing for a period, or skip weeks between poems or chapters, you lose ground. You backslide. Its like building a house for a week then letting the weather erode it for a couple months, then you go back to it and have to spend several days fixing whats deteriorated due to neglect. And thinking about writing doesnt work. It doesnt count. While it feels good, and you might consider new ideas to write about, its not writing. Nothing is a substitute for putting words down for a conclusion. Now there may come a day when you have so much on your plate, that you feel discombobulated. Too many deadlines, too confused where to take a scene, uncertain whether a character is needed. At that point, take a day off. Maybe even a weekend but only after youve been writing so steadily that you are honed to scribble each day. My light day is Saturday after a busy Friday putting out newsletters, when Im most likely to have family drop in. There have been times when Ive been at conferences and missed three days, but Im itching to get back to business Youll build your writing in layers. Your talent doesnt embed itself into your brain unless its repeated on a steady basis. If you put weeks and months between your chapters, be prepared to have to do a lot of starting over. Like going to college, taking Spanish 1 this year, and Spanish 2 three years from now a lot is going to be lost in the interim. Yes, you might have been writing for years. But how many years would it really be if you tallied only those days you actually wrote? Write daily. Youll be flabbergasted at your rate of improvement.

Formal report writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Formal report writing - Essay Example within the firm to identify the core activities which are to be carried out by the senior staff, while the secondary functions are assigned another organization that may provide such functions to the company at affordable. Interstate, Inc is a New York based company, which specializes in providing domestic insurance for private individuals and corporations. It is considering moving all or part of its 150 person call centre to an oversee location in order to reduce its operating cost. The call centre currently handles calls of operating agents and enquiries from members of the public from USA. Management groups are researching about different countries in order to evaluate their potential to host a pilot project which should be operational within six months. If successful the centre will take over the full accountability for all call centre operations within 12 months. The management team will be meeting later to present their recommendations. Outsourcing is a management practice of taking a function of an organization to be managed by another organization on behalf of the company. InterState Inc, may hand over the secondary functions that can be handled by other specialized organizations on its behalf so that the core staff of InterState may concentrate on the most important functions (Lacity & Joseph, 12). The outsourced services are offered within the country or state and employees of the company whose services are outsourced performs the function and are paid for the services rendered. Through outsourcing InterState might be able to avoid many costs like payment of retirement benefits to employees, payments to employees who are on leave, or when the employees are less productive. Outsourcing has therefore become cheaper in the end because the company avoids certain costs (Haugen, Susan & Kacy, 24). Off shoring on the other hand is a business management practice in which a company like InterState may take moves its activities to another location in another

Clinical trials for intiviral in general Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Clinical trials for intiviral in general - Essay Example After the promising drug has been identified based on its mode of action on the target , it undergoes a thorough pre-clinical testing involving biological test-tube and animal studies. The primary goal is to determine the safety of the product for initial use in humans, and if the drug shows pharmacological activity that justifies commercial development. These studies will show if the test drug works against its viral target. In the case of HIV, after it was reported that diketo acids can inhibit strand transfer step (3), studies were used to exhibit the disease progression and test treatments in macaque monkeys (4). Animal studies have utilized the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) to study acquired immunodeficiency in primates, however, SIV shares only 50% homology to HIV. Recently, a genetically altered HIV can infect rhesus monkeys in such a way that the resulting infection mimics the early stages of HIV human infection (5). Successful pre-clinical trials pave the way for a drug company to file an Investigational New Drug application. The application will include data on animal pharmacology and toxicological studies, manufacturing information, the protocols for the clinical trials, and the information about the investigators. The investigators and sponsors are responsible for the protection of the clinical trial subjects (6). Drugs have to be subjected to several phase of clinical trials for them to be approved for marketing. Phase I trials are meant to determine the metabolic and pharmacological actions, and the maximum tolerable dose of the drug in 20 to 80 volunteers. The trial normally lasts for a minimum of one month to a year. Measured outcomes are vital signs, virus plasma and serum levels and adverse events or reactions to the drug. Trials are unblinded and do not employ controls (7), although blinding and controls can be used to improve the validity. Phase I trials usually do not have therapeutic objectives, and may be conducted in

E Government Model Of Public Service Social Policy Essay

E Government Model Of Public Service Social Policy Essay E-Government model through ICT of public service delivery was started in South Africa first time, for the preferred as channel for citizen-centered service delivery. It means to provide quality services to the citizens of its country. In this paper we will study the role of E-government within developing country in the South Africa with the help of case study. First of all we will consider what is E-government? E-Government E-Government (short for electronic government, also known as digital government, online government or transformational government) is a diffused neologism used to refer to the use of information and communication technology to provide and improve government services, transactions and interactions with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government. Delivery models and activities of e-Government The primary delivery models of e-Government can be divided into: Government-to-Citizen or Government-to-Customer (G2C) Government-to-Business (G2B) Government-to-Government (G2G) Government-to-Employees (G2E) Within each of these interaction domains, four kinds of activities take place: Pushing information over the Internet, e.g. regulatory services, general holidays, public hearing schedules, issue briefs, notifications, etc. Two-way communications between the agency and the citizen, a business, or another government agency. In this model, users can engage in dialogue with agencies and post problems, comments, or requests to the agency. Conducting transactions, e.g. lodging tax returns, applying for services and grants. These types of activities may be performed but not may be that all activities are performed by all the countries. Some have greater but some have less Primarily purpose of introducing this model is to direct access to the Government. So improve the efficiency of public services delivery in South Africa. This model is based on case study research, focused on one of the governments primary service delivery programmes social grants, as mentioned in case study. South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) was established as an extension of government delivery arm that administers the delivery of social grants to the poorest of the poor in South Africa. SASSAs Vision and mission is aligned with several Batho Pele principles. Batho Pele which literally means people first. Introduction of this Model Batho Pele Public Service Delivery in South Africa. Batho Pele is South Africas constitutionally mandated public service delivery philosophy. This model ensures that all the citizens can hold public servants accountable for the levels of service receive from government. The expected transformation in service delivery is better comprehended on the reflection that South Africa has only been a Democratic country since 1994. Here we look into background of this model. The path of service delivery transformation formally began in 1995 with the release of the White Paper on the Transformation of Public Service. The WPTPS established the institutional framework that could guide the introduction of new policies and the implementation of the new constitutional mandates. It was shortly followed in 1997 by the White Paper on Transforming Public Service Delivery, labeled as the Batho Pele White Paper. The Batho Pele White Paper specifically aimed at promoting integrated and seamless public service delivery. This was on the basis of the Batho Pele philosophy. Batho Pele advocates nine principles to guide public Servants; Consultation with citizens Setting service standards Increasing access to information Ensuring courtesy Providing information openness and Transparency redress and value for money. On the other hand South Africa, through its Center of Public Service Innovation (CPSI), places significant Importance to initiatives to transform governments way of working through ICT a notion commonly known as E-government / e-governance. E-Government E-Governance The terms e-government and e-governance are often used to describe a governments use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to render services to its citizens. There is a debate in research community about these two terms of E-government and E-governance. E-governance can be defined as the use of emerging information and communication technologies to facilitate the processes of government and public administration E-government can be defined as the use of Information technology to support government operations, engage citizens, and provide government services. In the definition of e-governance, we see that it focuses on the use of ICT to assist the administration and management of Government. On other hand in the definition of e-government we see that it focuses on the use of ICT to provide the services in the support of government operations for the public service delivery of people of that country. The dominant models for e-government find their roots in public management models and e-business models. While researchers of e government differ on the rights, privileges and obligations of clients, customers and Citizens. They generally concur that e-government move through stages to reach maturity. Notwithstanding, the successful initiatives are hard to come by. This realization led to the very important and underlying concern: are government ICT technological innovations adhering to the principles of people first, so to say, are the government ICT technological innovations enabling the improvement of service delivery in South Africa? This case study also tells us about the understanding by focusing on the government agency responsibilities for one of the key service delivery programs the South African Social Security Agency, SASSA. A case study of a government department, the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA), was adopted investigate the phenomenon of e-government will be studied in the context of Batho Pele. Since the each government service is measured against the same principles that are defined in Batho Pele. Applicability of this model can be drawn to other government units. In this case study the data was collected by different ways, through structured face-to-face and telephonic interviews with people involved in delivering an ICT system to the business units of the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA). Pros/Advantages/Merits of this Model Any thing is not perfect in this universe except God. So every model is having both characteristics of merits and demerits. Similarly here we are using the E-government model which was used in South Africa for public service delivery. We know that it is very poor country and not so developed. So many South Africans do not have direct approach to public services which are supplied by the Government as stated in the case study. Following may be the major advantages of this model. Equally distribution of services Batho Pele aims to distribute the services equally among the public. Not any differentiation on the basis of race, gender, citizen, distance etc. its mean that every one has right equally of public services . Access to information This model also explains that the citizen has easily access to the information about the Government performance and other activities so there may be accountability in such a manner. Quality services Access to information services empowers citizens and creates value for money, quality services. Reduction of Unnecessary expenditure. When there will be e-government so easily information available about every thing of government and government institution. It reduces unnecessary expenditure for the citizens. Questions that can generally be answered during the interview can revolve around what ICT initiatives are being used to increase the accessibility of the service or product and how accessible these initiatives are to communities who dont have the required ICT infrastructure. Providing information Availability of information with regards to products and services should Not only be at the service point, but should also strive to increase the availability of products and services to the public who are far away from those service points The main area of focus would be to increase the Availability of information to the public who are far away From service points. ICT is used as a business support tool, and since the business of government is to deliver a public Service, ICT supports public service. The implementers of these ICT services will thus be measured against the benchmarks of how well the public service was delivered. Thus we should have to carefully analyze the support of use of ICT within the government department or agency. This sensitivity would greatly influence the interpretation of the text collected during the interviews. Cost effective It is convenient and cost-effective for businesses, and the public benefits by getting easy access to the most current information available without having to spend time, energy and money to get it. E-government helps simplify processes and makes access to government information more easily accessible for public sector agencies and citizens. The anticipated benefits of e-government include efficiency, improved services, better accessibility of public services, and Transparency We see that due to use of this model transparency occurred. Due to the whole connected system through internet technology, every information is available for all. Accountability Study approved that due to E-government, there is greater accountability on each and every thing because all the information is available to every one. So public knows the activities of government. So there is a accountability on government by public and other institutions and citizens. Democratization Through e-government the greater citizen can participation upon political issues. They can connect themselves to politicians through internet. This model gives the more transparent government, allowing the voters to see the effect of their representatives. What they are doing and what they are not doing in right manner. Public can become more aware about the government activities and they can make best decision about their future. Speed, efficiency, and convenience E-government allows citizens to interact with computers to achieve objectives at any time and any location, and eliminates the necessity for physical travel to government agents sitting behind desks and windows. Improved accounting and record keeping can be noted through computerization, and information and forms can be easily accessed, equaling quicker processing time. Individuals with disabilities or conditions no longer have to be mobile to be active in government and can be in the comfort of their own homes. This model was accepted warmly, the young people who were not participating in political issues before but now they are too participating is national level issues due to e-government. Risks There are many considerations and potential implications of implementing and designing e-government, including disintermediation of the government and its citizens, impacts on economic, social, and political factors, vulnerability to cyber attacks, and disturbances to the status quo in these areas. Hyper-surveillance Increased contact between government and its citizens goes both ways. Once e-government begins to develop and become more sophisticated, citizens will be forced to interact electronically with the government on a larger scale. This could potentially lead to a lack of privacy for civilians as their government obtains more and more information on them. In a worse case scenario, with so much information being passed electronically between government and civilians, a totalitarian-like system could develop. When the government has easy access to countless information on its citizens, personal privacy is lost. Cost Although a prodigious amount of money has been spent on the development and implementation of e-government, some say it has yielded only a mediocre product. The outcomes and effects of trial Internet-based governments are often difficult to gauge or unsatisfactory. Lack of secrecy Although internet-based governmental programs have been criticized for lack of reliable privacy policies, studies have shown that people value prosecution of offenders over personal confidentiality. Ninety percent of United States adults approve of Internet tracking systems of criminals, and fifty-seven percent are willing to forgo some of their personal internet privacy if it leads to the prosecution of criminals or terrorists. Inaccessibility An e-government site that provides web access and support often does not offer the potential to reach many users including those who live in remote areas, are homebound, have low literacy levels, exist on poverty line incomes, suffer from chronic illness, and are single parents or older adults. False sense of transparency and accountability Opponents of e-government argue that online governmental transparency is dubious because it is maintained by the governments themselves. Information can be added or removed from the public eye (i.e. the Internet) with or without public notice. For example, after the World Trade Center in New York City was attacked on September 11, 2001, United States federal officials removed a large amount of government information from its websites in the name of national security. This act went relatively unnoticed by United States citizens. To this day, very few Conclusion In conclusion we see that this E-Government model of public service delivery is very important, adopted by government of South Africa. This model has advantages as well as disadvantages. This model has advantages of equally information provision, quality services, efficiency in public services delivery etc. but it has also some drawbacks such lack of secrecy, and so many other factors which may harmful for government through this system. The use of e-government as a service delivery enabler will definitely support governments service improvement philosophy of Batho Pele, thus putting people first. Now a days technology has become the every thing very easier, more informative, efficiency and cost effective. Through this model of ICT can put people first, but only if the use of ICT is supported by the underlying business processes. For e government to be effective, all e-government initiatives in South Africa should be integrated. E-government will only truly be effective if it is managed from a single portfolio in government, and not from silos within each government department. Many other countries have adopted this model such as United States. But level of applying this model may vary. It means some are applying higher level and some countries are applying less level of E-Government. In United States E-government model was used The United States Government under the Bush Administration has created a separate portfolio that manages the implementation of e-government. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is developing what it calls the Federal Enterprise Architecture that will manage the way in which the United States Government does business and particularly through the use of e-government (US Office of Management and Budget, 2007) slow progress in implementing a single portal for Government services. It is clear from the case study that South Africa needs a portfolio within its government that drives the implementation of e-government. This will include policy, legislation and implementation standards. This is where the Office of the Government Chief Information Officer (OGCIO) also plays a role to smooth the progress of the use of ICT in Government. Components It consists of three components, namely: ICT Programme Management Government Chief Operations Officer and E-Government Architecture and Integration. The case study was focused on only one area of e-government within the public service of South Africa, namely the Department of Social Development and its service delivery component, the South African Social Security Agency. Similarly there is need to done this in the other departments of Government of public service delivery. Which are inefficient as compared to others? And ensure that the use of ICT is effective at all government departments. It is proposed that there is need to be studied at departments that come under the lack of service delivery similar studies should be done with Other departments to ensure that the use of ICT is effective at all government departments, such as the Department of Home Affairs (ID book and passport applications) Department of Transport (license applications and vehicle registrations) South African Revenue services (tax returns) References:- E-Government Public Service Delivery: Enabling ICT to put People First A Case Study from South Africa. By Wikus VISSER and Hossana TWINOMURINZI

A Look from “Dreams from my Father” by Barack Obama Essay

Barack Obama’s narration of mostly his father’s life story transcends many debatable topics such as racism and socioeconomic classifications. Topics such as those brought out literally as needed in his accurate and factual description of their lives but not to create any arguable pointers of discussions. Two scenes in the book that shaped this memoir as a whole and could be enough to make a thorough study on how Barack Obama Jr. seek his sense of belongingness and his finding a way to form an ambition being a public servant were: first, how his black father Barack Hussein Obama Sr. of Kenya and his white-coloured mother Ann Dunham of Kansas, USA met, fell in love, got married and divorced; and second, his absentee father’s thoughts and activities as told by his mother and grandparents. Having been recalling his parents blossoming relationship could manifest a picture of success as he recounted episodes where his father’s intellectual charisma and ambitious thoughts won his grandparents heart irregardless of colour and racial differences after opposing Barack Sr. and Ann’s love story. He pointed out that the only reason of his parent’s broke up was the lacking of money in which during that time, Barack Sr. couldn’t afford to take his wife and son back to Kenya. Thus, he went home alone to his motherland along with his ambition to complete a promise to serve Kenya and the continent of Africa, as it is the reason of his methodical studies in US, specifically in Harvard University. It was merely a patriotic deed and nationalism of Barack Sr. as he absolutely believed that Africa and Kenya need him and his service. It is also noted that Zeituni, Barack Sr. ’s sister, mentioned that his brother really has a heart that was too big. As for the comparison of these two episodes of Barack Obama Jr. ’s account, it suggests love and charity accomplished in two dissimilar forms. Barack Sr. ’s love with his wife Ann and their son broke the difficulty of racial discrimination in which Barack Jr. brought out in the world and raised freely despite of living in the land of white men. It is the same as what Barack Sr. s decision to leave his family in US. Barack Jr. made a justification out of his parent’s decision to be separated with each other that it was due only because of his father’s charitable instinct to serve and help Kenya because it is where his whole ancestors belong. Hence, who could say that neither of the two kinds of love is wrong? Colour difference has never been a problem on Barack Jr. ’s parents, and it is totally contradictory to the completion of the second story where the Kenyan roots of Barack Jr. ’s father has been an issue. Everyone could agree that loving both the nation and one’s own family at the same time doesn’t mean sacrificing one for the sake of the other. As an effect of demonstrating these two kinds of love, Barack Jr. ’s journey to look beyond his roots and himself being a black man in the land of the white race created a similar motive with his father’s to serve his own country, though on his end it is America, whether in sociocivic works or in a political slot. R E F E R E N C E Obama, Barack Jr. Dreams from my Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1995.

MooBella Case Study Essay

1. What categories of costs would you expect to see in a list of MooBella start-up costs? The categories of costs I would expect to see in a list of MooBella start-up costs are: – Owner’s salary – Employee wages and benefits – Computers, internet, telephone, and other technology – Promotion, advertising, web site hosting – Professional services – Insurance – Debt service – Taxes – Maintenance – Legal/accounting fees – Supplies 2. It took nearly 20 years from idea to market for MooBella. Clearly, it had a long development and start-up period. Reflect on the emotional and other nonmonetary factors that were likely involved for Bruce Ginsberg. MooBella was a seemingly simple concept that was technically complex and cost nearly $85 million in investment capital. Ginsberg was faced with many challenges with the research, development and start-up processes. The machines themselves were very costly, costing approximately $40,000 per machine, and it took 5 years to develop the computer portion alone. 3. What was the mix of funds used by MooBella to get started? Some of the start-up funding included: – Saturn Asset Management–$25 million in equity (2000-2005) – Inventages (Swiss venture firm)–$15 million in 2007 and $18 million in 2009 – Bruce Ginsberg–$1 million – W Health LP–$9 million (November 2010) – Debt–$17.5 million in high-interest loans and convertible notes 4. What are the start-up costs that you would expect to encounter if you were a company that purchased a MooBella machine? I would expect the cost of buying the machine itself, the supplies for the ice cream the machine dispenses, taxes, maintenance, if I buy multiple machines for different locations and hire people to refill and maintain them then employee wages, and debt if I cannot pay out of pocket.

The Case Of Olmstead V. United States - 1128 Words

Unreasonable search is the pursuit of an individual on his/her premises and/or vehicles for seizure to obtain evidence by a lawful agency without a court order and without probable cause it is believed evidence of a criminal activity will be found. The fourth amendment of the U.S. Constitution shields our Citizens from preposterous inquiry and seizure. The case of Olmstead v. United States, 277 U.S. 438 (1928), various individuals were convicted of alcohol related law violations, and were accused of conspiracy. The operation grossed a generous amount of cash. The main schemer and the general administration of the business was one of the Petitioners, Olmstead (the Solicitor). The primary office of the business was in Seattle and there were three phones in the workplace, each on an alternate line. There were phones in an office the Petitioner had in his own home, and at the home of his partners and different places in Seattle. A great deal of correspondence happened in the between Sea ttle and Vancouver, British Columbia. The data which prompted the discovery of the trick and tendency and degree was generally gotten by catching messages on the phones of the backstabbers by four government denial officers. Little wires were embedded along the common phone wires from the living arrangements of four of the [suspects] and those driving from the boss office. The insertions were made without trespass upon any property of the suspects, in the cellar of the office building. 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